Administrative Health Research (AHR)

Abstract در شماره جدید از مجله دانش ارزیابی که در برابر دیده خوانندگان محترم قرار دارد، تلاش به عمل آمده تا در کنار پرداختن به موضوع فساد به عنوان محور اصلی مباحث، مقالات از تنوع و گوناگونی لازم نیز برخوردار باشند. اگرچه در دیگر شماره های این مجله، پرداختن به موضوعاتی ذیل یک عنوان اصلی مدنظر قرار می گرفت اما شیوهی تنوع بخشی به مقالات، ذیل یک محور کلان نیز از روش های مرسومی است که ضریب جذب سلایق گوناگون مخاطبان را بالا می برد. از سوی دیگر، نظر به اهمیت مقالاتی که به زبانهای دیگر در سطح بین المللی منتشر می شود، مناسب به نظر می رسد اگر هر از چندی از این دست مقالات نیز در این مجله گنجانده شود تا سبک و سیاق و شیوهی پرداختن به موضوعات از قلم دیگران نیز مورد توجه قرار گیرد. مانند همیشه، مجله دانش ارزیابی، پذیرای آرا، اندیشه ها، پیشنهادها و مطالبی است که در پیشبرد دانش نظارت و بازرسی در کشور و ارتقای سلامت عملکرد دستگاه ها مؤثر است و راه را برای پیمودن سریع تر و امن تر مسیرهای پیش رو، هموار می سازد.

Abstract Human experience and economics have shown that banking supervision institutions should be independent and specialized. For this purpose and international convergence of banking supervision sys tem, a committee was created called “BALL" that designs general principles and guidelines of this institution. The main objective of this institution and the principles of the BALL Committee is the "risk prevention". In other words, the banking supervision as depositor's lawyer is responsible for monitoring the performance of the bank and in this regard, the authority and tools of this institution is wide. The Study of the regulatory body in Iran shows that there is no such institution in Iran and the central bank carries out this task. Second, objectives and procedures of banking supervision on this entity are undefined and above all, the institutional structure and tools are not enough. The sharp rise in bad loans and violation of macro policies by banks due to the lack of this institution. This paper outlines the proposed banking legislation.

Abstract There are different classifications of health systems based on empirical evidences. However, there are few works in theoretical health systems classification. Rothgan ge tal. (2005) did theoretical deductive classification based on the number of players (private sector, public sector and government) and roles (policymaker, demander and supplier) which shows 27 the different classes. Böhm et al. (2013) imposed power hierarchical hypothesis and showed 10 classes fallow the hypothesis. Nowadays Iran's health system is a State-based mixed-type. In this class, state is the policymaker and health supplier and public sector are demanders. Health system of Iran is not in the category of fallow power hierarchical hypothesis; thus we suggest the system change in one of the following ways: If supply sector is privatized, Iran's health system may change into Etatist Social Health Insurance. Most of the OECD countries are in this group and which may confirm that this system is the best. If the supply sector shifts to the public sector, the health system may fallow power hierarchical hypothesis. If the insurance funds gather in the health ministry, Iran's model will be similar to that of England.

Abstract This paper studies the nature of anti-corruption academies and their position in management of the world to help state actors to design and implement successful anti-corruption programs in their respective communities. The author examines the function of anti-corruption academies across the world to understand that what role emerging institutions play in strengthening anti-corruption on the global stage. In response to these questions, this article has tried to express in con text of the theory of Institutionalism that corruption has become a global problem and deal with it effectively requires the existence of specialized agencies with the educational and research programs aiming to raise the level of knowledge, experience and their ability to fight corruption. Anti-corruption academies are trying to hold classes and workshops, lectures and training courses for short term as well as providing a plat form for interaction and exchange of shared experiences, the knowledge and the capabilities and expertise of human resources in the fight against corruption and through this way, ensure the success of governments in the management and control corruption. The author tries to finish with an overview of the GIO interactions with academia and international anti-corruption institutions, make some suggestions in this regard.

Abstract In all legal and political systems of the world, apart from different attitudes, the government had two main functions of Sovereign ty and Tenure executed by assigned organizations and institutes. Sovereign affairs including policymaking, planning and monitoring are more important. Tenure is those functions capable of being entrusted to people and private sector. In the Islamic Republic of Iran, government during a forward transforming process for positive changes, especially in post-war era, codified and executed the five year strategic development plans as well as communicating the policies of article 44 of Iranian Constitution and resistance economy plan which are considerable in this regard. In this article, we investigate the legal standing and characteristics of each plan, review viewpoints relating to sovereign affairs and organizations with appraising the flow of actions in the country as well as presenting approaches for improvement of such ac tionsand utilizing in codification of state policies, strategic annual plans, and also appraisal of performance in government offices.

Abstract A look at the history of corruption and combat it indicates that it has been historically one of the important government problems. in recent years, the fight against corruption have attracted the attention of many countries and international institutions and today, more than 14 different centers at international level are collecting various information regarding the calculation of the corruption index. Likewise, in the Islamic Republic of Iran in order to prevent corruption many efforts have been done. In this regard, Article 142 of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran has also emphasized on "investigating of the highest position's properties. In this article we review the history of corruption and its types, how to deal with it in the world and consequences of corruption in the field of cultural, political, economic, etc. have been analyzed and ways of different countries in dealing with this phenomenon have been reviewed. The importances of comprehensive monitoring and as a strategy against corruption have also been studied.

Abstract This study examined the effects of administrative corruption on the willingness of corruptive actions and its consequences in Administrative Agency and provided a conceptual model for it. The direct and indirect effects of administrative corruption on the organizations were examined and to identify the aspects of each of these variables and its consequences correlation method based on structural equation modeling was used. 2500 questionnaires in several executive agencies in the country were distributed during 7 months and 2100 questionnaires were used for data analysis. The results of structural equation modeling showed that the communication with a significant factor of 2/58, structural factors with significant factor of 2/83, organizational culture with a significant factor of 3/26, psychological factors with significant factor of 5/26, payment systems with a significant factor of 3/221, control and monitoring systems with a significant factor of 6/672, the opportunity with significant factor of 8/215 and willingness of corruptive actions with significant factor of 7/246 have significant effect on the occurrence of administrative corruption in governmental institutions. Also, the incidence of corruption with a significant factor of 2/816 affects the consequences of corruption in the governmental institutions. At the end, some recommendations were presented to deal with corruption.

Abstract In this article, John Warburton will argue that understanding corruption as a social process has implications and advantages that provides insights about the way corruption functions. he suggests that such in sights can also inform corruption prevention programs. The orthodox way to approach corruption these days is to examine the institutions and systems that allow corruption occurs. Warburton believes that corruption prevention programs is that corrupt networks and social net works look similar to each other and function in the same way. We all operate in a world of differentiated social networks based on communication, personalised relations and shared interests. To act socially is a human need. It is simply not realistic to believe that rational managerialism can prevent the creation of social networks involving public sector agency officials. To radically restrict personalised human inter action would reduce efficiency in public sector agencies to such a low level as to make them non viable. Weber's totally rational bureaucracy is an idealised fiction that is neither possible nor desirable. The challenge for anti corruption agencies is to attempt to formulate a model of bureaucracy and policy formulation that can integrate the reality of personalised relations and social networks whilst ensuring decisions are always made in the interests of the 'the public' alone.