Administrative Health Research (AHR)

Abstract Anti-corruption reforms in Iran, despite increasing necessity and internal and international pressures, have failed to achieve effective and sustainable results over the past decades due to institutional, cultural, and structural barriers. This study, employing an institutional analysis approach and qualitative methods, examines the reasons behind the failure of these reforms. Data were collected through the analysis of 24 official documents and 18 semi-structured interviews with experts, government officials, and policymakers in the governance sector. The findings indicate that three main mechanisms play a decisive role in shaping institutional resistance: first, historical dependence and institutional lock-in, which prevent changes along established paths; second, unhealthy interactions between formal institutions and informal power networks, which perpetuate opaque relationships and reproduce corruption-prone patterns; and third, institutional fragmentation and weak coordination among responsible agencies, which undermine the implementation capacity of reforms. The results suggest that without gradual institutional restructuring, increased transparency, and strengthened independence of supervisory bodies, anti-corruption policies in Iran will continue to fail. Finally, the study offers practical recommendations for reducing institutional resistance, enhancing organizational accountability, and institutionalizing sustainable reforms.

Abstract The present study seeks to prioritize the factors affecting people's participation in submitting corruption reports to the General Inspection Organization with the help of experts from the Fars Provincial Inspectorate General. The research was conducted quantitatively; using the best-worst fuzzy method, the effective factors were determined and prioritized. The statistical population of the study in the best-worst fuzzy section (experts) included senior managers of the General Inspection of Fars Province (Inspector General, Deputy Inspectors General, and Chief Inspectors), who were 9 people in total, all of whom were selected as samples. The findings showed that among the components, the security features component is of the greatest importance and the structural features are of the least importance. The results showed that when prioritizing the effective factors for attracting people's participation in submitting corruption reports, maintaining the security of reporters and strengthening their motivation have a high priority and special attention should be paid to them.

Abstract Monitoring and inspection are two instruments for management system that have controling, deterrence and corrective role. It is defined the proper implementation of operational activities and to ensure compliance with laws and regulations and to achieve the desired goals and objectives and programs of every organization. The fight against corruption requires preventive and deterrent measures while, for the promotion of the administrative integrity, it is needed to adopt the initiatives which in addition to maintaining the current state of administrative integrity it. The article 28 in the law of integrity Promotion of administrative system, obliges The Council of national regulators to prepare the standard indicators for measuring the administrative integrity. The council approved the nine indicators, including: Rule of law, establishment and development of electronic systems, transparency, oversight and internal controls, accountability, administrative and financial discipline, training, skills, development of religious culture and ethics, meritocracy and con sumption patterns and productivity. Moreover, participation, accountability and justice are among those indicators that affect the administrative integrity and increase administrative efficiency, ensuring the proper implementation of laws.

Abstract Abstract

The General Inspection Organization of the country is one of the review institutions stipulated in the constitution of Islamic Republic of Iran, which can remove corruption and lack of agility from the laps of institutions and administrative organizations with its authority. This organization is a monitoring institution that is included in the structure of the judiciary, and for this reason, Iranian legal researchers differed in the type of review. Some have considered its review as investigative, some as non-judicial but with judicial powers, and some have considered its placement in the judiciary as one of the causes of its inefficiency. This article, with a descriptive-analytical method, has concluded that judicial review in the common sense of the word, which is applied by the judges of the courts and the Administrative Court of Justice, is not compatible with the current structure of the General Inspection Organization of the country, and that judicial review cannot be imposed on it. But it seems that the Constitution of the Islamic Republic, considering the background and the existence of institutions such as "Diwan Begi" in the Safavid era, which was the highest judicial institution in the country and had review powers and duties over government bodies and officials, did not consider the judiciary to sit in the court and listen to the people's claims, and in fact, considered the position of the judiciary and the judiciary as an institution that detects corruption and is active in the field of society and government.

Abstract Public supervision is a set of processes and practices which at tracts public cooperation and public confidence by collecting comments and views of people and their demands to prevent and deter government employees from commitment of Crime and Abuse. The elements of Public supervision are citizens (the efficient cause), integrity and efficiency of the organization (final cause), an organization supervised (material cause) and surveillance (formal cause). According to surveys and statistical data, corruption is mainly non-official phenomenon and so informal way maybe the best way to deal with it. In this paper after describing the concept of public supervision, on the one hand and its role in the fight against corruption and on the other hand, some suggestions to institutionalize public supervision among the citizens has been proposed.
Keywords: Public supervision, the fight against corruption, responsibility
Keywords: Public supervision, the fight against corruption, responsibility
Keywords: Public supervision, the fight against corruption, responsibility

Abstract In legal systems influenced by the Romano-Germanic tradition, public will and the distinction between public and private interest shape a specific meaning of "administration" (Edareh). Understanding the current meaning of "administration" within Iran's legal framework requires grasping this historical context. The traditional understanding of "administration," emphasizing organizational and functional elements, has proven inadequate in the face of expanding administrative roles and the emergence of non-governmental organizations providing public services. This includes private companies operating under political oversight to deliver public services and benefits. The rigidity of the traditional concept of "administration" hinders oversight of these entities, leading to administrative corruption. Therefore, considering the evolution of the concept of "administration" to encompass such entities, like the Shaparak electronic payment network, necessitates a reevaluation of "administration" and, consequently, administrative corruption. This article, using a descriptive-analytical approach, addresses the central question: "What is the relationship between administrative corruption and nongovernmental organizations providing public services?" To answer this, the organizational and functional elements of "administration" and the three components of administrative corruption are analyzed in relation to Shaparak as a case study. The findings are: firstly, administrative corruption can be defined as a violation of the public will for private gain, aiming to increase civil inequality; and secondly, nongovernmental organizations providing public services, such as Shaparak, can be defined within the scope of 'administration' and can commit administrative corruption.

Abstract One of the specialized administrative bodies of the executive branch subdivision, that its main task is to deal with administrative offenses of state servants is the state board of administrative offenses. In this regard, the legal and regulatory framework for dealing with administrative violations is necessary for maintaining the public interest and efficiency of the administrative apparatus, maintaining independence in all stages of the proceedings with a transparent hearing procedure to the credibility of the board's quasi-judiciary and considering its important principles. The purpose of this article is reviewing the structure and function of the state boards of administrative offenses and identify in its weaknesses in investigating violations of state employees in order to lead us towards the desirable principles of prosecution. By applying these principles and criteria, we will try to represent some suggestions for a desirable pattern of proceedings in these boards.
Keywords: Administrative offenses, prevention, prosecution, corruption.

Abstract A rigorous system of monitoring and inspection makes managers aware of proach towards achieving the objectives and operations. In this regard, the regulatory agencies, especially the General Inspection Organization in accordance with the Article 174 of Iranian constitution, deals with prevention and suppression of corruption. Here, Ethics in the monitoring and inspection is regarded as necessary. Inspectors should more than any other group of community commit themselves to observe professional ethics. Thus, here we try to mention the most important feature of the monitoring and inspection of ethics based on the teachings of Islam.
Keywords: Ethics, professional ethics, monitoring and inspection, administrative system
A rigorous system of monitoring and inspection makes managers aware of proach towards achieving the objectives and operations. In this regard, the regulatory agencies, especially the General Inspection Organization in accordance with the Article 174 of Iranian constitution, deals with prevention and suppression of corruption. Here, Ethics in the monitoring and inspection is regarded as necessary. Inspectors should more than any other group of community commit themselves to observe professional ethics. Thus, here we try to mention the most important feature of the monitoring and inspection of ethics based on the teachings of Islam.
Keywords: Ethics, professional ethics, monitoring and inspection, administrative system

Abstract "Special crimes against state employees" are the crimes committing of which in addition to the general conditions needs two other conditions. To commit by a state employee, and commit a crime related to his administrative duties. Embezzlement in criminal law is among the crimes against property as well as aspects of crimes against public comfort. The definition of embezzlement is as follows: "Takeover, with the misconduct, of the property of the state or persons, by the state employee, which he has been the charge of duty, in order to take advantage for himself or others." According to this definition, the nature and characteristics of the perpetrator, the deposit of property in terms of duty, seizure, possession of special misconduct in committing a crime, the possession of the property to the state, and creating a loss to the state, are among the essential elements of the embezzlement. Despite the intensification of the punishment for perpetrators of the embezzlement crime, the perpetration of it continues to be widespread. Article 5 of the law on the intensification of the punishment for perpetrators of bribery and embezzlement and fraud, passed in 1988 in Expediency Council is still enforced as a legal element for the crime of embezzlement. Whenever the perpetrator would return the money or embezzlement property at the time of the trial and before issuing a final verdict, the court will exempt him from all or part of the fine, and suspend the execution of his imprisonment.