Administrative Health Research (AHR)

Abstract شمارهای دیگر از فصلنامه دانش ارزیابی در معرض دید محققان، پژوهشگران و علاقه مندان حوزه های اجرای سیاست ها، ارزیابی سیاست ها و نظارت و بازرسی آنها قرار گرفته است. در این شماره نیز کوشیده ایم تا همچون گذشته، مجموعه ای متنوع از موضوع ها را در قالب های کاربردی و عملیاتی با صبغه ای بیش تر داخلی به بوته نقد و بررسی بگذاریم، هرچند که از مسایل بین المللی نیز بحثهایی در خور را در این مجال گنجانده ایم. مجله دانش ارزیابی اگر چه اهمیتی وافر را برای مباحث نظری قایل است اما آن را به تنهایی کافی نمی پندارد و از این روست که پردازش مباحث، رویکردی اساس کاربردی به خود می گیرد و در قالب مطالعات موردی ظاهر می شود که ارزش آن از چشمان محققان و اصحاب قلم پنهان نیست. دانش ارزیابی این فرصت را در اختیار محققان و پژوهشگران قرار می دهد تا با انتشار حاصل تحقیقات خود، مسیر تسهیم دانش در کشور را هموارتر نموده و به ارتقاء سطح دانش و پژوهش کمک نمایند. مانند همیشه، پذیرای پیشنهادها و انتقادهای سازنده خوانندگان گرامی هستیم

Abstract During the twentieth century, in terms of oil contracts and legal developments occurring in terms of political and economic developments play an important role in determining the fate of the oil-rich countries have the issue of oil-related developments is the recent one hundred years. In the year 1908 the first oil well was discovered in Masjed Soleiman until now many oil contracts on the basis of legal & regulations are formed. These contracts have always been a source of great controversy. Futures studies indicate a dramatic change in the country in the process of signing contracts with concessions and transfer of ownership will also begin. But after the nationalization of the oil industry in 1336 AD V the passage of the Petroleum Law, the concessions and contracts terminated or allowed to transfer the ownership interest of a vector (cooperative agree ments) established the presence pass. Futures studies indicate a dramatic change in the country in the process of signing contracts with concessions and transfer of ownership will also begin. Influenced by national movements Petroleum Act 1353 AD expressly prohibited venture contracts and service contracts (contractors) are on the agenda is In the years after the conclusion of the Petroleum Rules 1353 AD and 1366 AD of the buyback alternative petro leum service contracts in the country to promote .In this cross-sectional study seeking ways and means of making interest a library of legal and contractual evolution in recent decades, with a focus on legal and historical precedents are discussed.

Abstract In this paper the results of the first cross-sectional study in Iran examining different correlates of white-collar crime both in private and public sectors are presented. In a higher level of analysis, the present paper is relied on public choice theory, which attributes the phenomenon to a lack of competition in either or both economic and political arenas. According to this theory, all else equal, greater intervention in terms of size and scope of government increases the supply of rents, and correspondingly, corrupt behavior. The data were obtained in the spring 2012 from 120 managers currently active in Iranian corporations and official departments and also 120 white-collar criminals who formerly held such positions and currently incarcer ated in prisons. Participants filled out paper and pencil scales measuring some personal ity correlates of white-collar crimes (hedonism, narcissism, lack of behavioral self-control), motives (dealing with the crisis threatening the criminal, the family, or the company), level of religious socialization through interpersonal communication (via orientation family, close friends, schools, and community), level of religious socialization through the media (religious programs broadcast from the national radio and television broadcasting organization, books, movies and CDs), level of the individual's religiosity, individual's perception of the probability of being arrested, individual's perception of the levels of criminal opportunity, and some demographic variables such as socio-economic status, age, education level. The logistic regression analysis accounted for 75 per cent of the variance between the two groups. White-collar crime in Iran is predicted by individual's perceived risk (probability) of being caught, and individual's perception of the levels of criminal opportunity. In sum, sociological and economic approaches and consequently institution alist approach (and not culturalist approach) do discriminate between white-collar offenders and non-offenders.

Abstract The world is changing from industrial-based to knowledge-based economy. In this regard, one of the most important and essential elements is intellectual capital (IC). The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between IC (i.e. human capital, structural capital, relational capital) and organizational performance (OP) within the the National Iranian South Oil Company (Staff sec tor - Ahvaz). This research is an applied descriptive-co relative re search. The data collecting instrument is questionnaire (Cronbach a of IC, OP =.92, .85 (. The hypothesis testing was conducted us ing SPSS18 (Pearson correlation coefficient, one factor ANOVA, t-test) and model development was conducted using AG on 100 Executive managers. Statistical support are founded for the hypoth esized relationships and results confirm a positive relationship be tween intellectual capital and organizational performance (he=40%, Sc=58%, RC=31%) and also dimensions of IC impact on each other and on organization performance within the company. It shows a confirmation of previous studies but the difference in psychometric item evaluation given the unique geographical and sect oral context. Some recommendations are then made for researchers.

Abstract The present study applies a descriptive-analytical approach and field research to analyze the role of NGOs in preventing and fighting corruption in the executive systems in Sistan and Baluchistan Province. The research statistical population includes all members of NGOs and executive systems of Sistan and Baluchistan Province. Using purposing judgment sampling the directors and deputies of NGOs and executive systems are given Likert 14-item question naires of five options to gather information about the system. They are also provided with Likert 36-item questionnaires of five points to gather data about NGOs. The 84 questionnaires are distributed among the executive organizations and 30 questionnaires among NGOs. The nar rative of the study is content type. Using Cranach's alpha coefficient, the reliability is estimated %88 for the questionnaires considered for organizations and %84 for the questionnaires con sidered for NGOs. Chi-square and Friedman tests are used to analyze the research questions. Worthy mentioning that, the whole statistical analysis is performed by SPSS software, version 19. The results from findings show that the organizations of Sista and Baluchistan Province play an important role in preventing the corruption in executive systems. Ranking the systems, in terms of prevention, shows that government regulatory institutes in cooperation with NGOs are in the first place; government regulatory organizations are in the second place, mass me dia in third place, and NGOs in fourth place. Management capabilities, human resources and finance NGOs are ranked at the first level in case of preventing corruption, support capabilities are moderate. Ranking the systems, in terms of fighting corruption shows that the government regulatory systems stand in first place, government regulatory systems in cooperation with NGOs stand in second place, mass media are ranked number three, and NGOs are ranked number four. Management capabilities, human forces, support and financial capabilities of NGOs are of the highest importance in terms of fighting the corruption. The results from the data gathered from Sistan and Baluchistan NGOs suggest that NGOs have a low capacity in terms of funding and support, while human resources enjoy a high capacity in terms of pre venting corruption in this province. Ranking the capacity and capability of NGOs in preventing corruption shows that the capacity of human resources is in the highest rank, then supporting capacity stands in third place. Ranking the major activity of NGOs in preventing corruption indicates that providing public trainings are of the highest importance in reporting corruption, reporting news and information about corruption in governmental and non-governmental organizations are ranked number two, and considering the suggestions resulted from effective reports are ranked number three. Furthermore, anti-corruption aspects are very important for NGOs.

Abstract Quality management has made an outstanding evolution in industry and business in recent decades. According to this, evaluating the customer's satisfaction to make evolution in medical, and insurance system and reforming the foundations, and substantial development of quality orientation, and necessity of regarding the standards of providing services with high quality, and replying to changeful requirements of society, is taken to account as one of the bases of maintaining and improving competitive advantage of governmental and private organizations. Purpose of this research is evaluating the satisfaction of medical and insurance service receivers of the Social Security of Uremia province according to SERV QUAL model. Statistical Population of this research is recipients of health care and insurance of Organization of Social Security in Urmia. Number of insured social security in branches one and two are respectively equal to 68936 and 49439 and whole number of population is 118375. In this research, Morgan table is used to evaluate the mass of sample. Since the medical and insurance service receivers of the Social Security of Uremia province are more than 100000 people, the mass of sample is 384 people. Meanwhile, SERVQUAL standard questionnaire is used to gather information related to research variables. In order to determining content validity, consulting is performed with informed persons in relation to questions of research questionnaire. Cranach's alpha also used to evaluating reliability of research questionnaire. Cranach's alpha equals to 0.938, which shows good reliability of research questionnaire. In this research descriptive statistical methods such as frequency distribution, percent, and average are used to study and compare the gathered information by questionnaire, and in the part of Inferential statistics correlation coefficient, one-sample average tests, and comparing the average of two societies play the same role to evaluate the satisfaction of members of sample from the quality of medical and insurance services. Results of statistical analysis show the customer's satisfaction about replying and perennial in providing insurance and medical services of the Social Security of Ure mia province. According to results, customers are indifferent about the elements of physical measures, certainty, and unity. Additionally, studying the difference in perceptions of answerers according to different variables of demography including sex, age, education, and their insurance background shows that in most cases there is no difference among several groups.

Abstract This article is a descriptive-analytical research based on Russian data and sources, Historical investigation of corruption in Russia and fighting against until the end of the Sovietera. Moreover, it presents western scientists' ideas about and definitions of the corruption, and besides that points out the strength and weakness of Russian government policy and measures. The main question of the article is about the reason of formation of corruption and its permanency. The hypothesis focuses on the role of government's totalitarian nature and it's structural characteristics as the basic factor of forming this corruption.In fact, the article's main goal is presenting a kind of typology the evolutionary process of corruption and persistence it in the Soviet period. Therefore it is trying to introduce the historical roots of corruption and fighting against it, relating origins of many of today's administrative system problems in Russian.
Keywords: Corruption, Russia, Fighting corruption, Historical record, Totality, Soviet Union

Abstract The aim of this study is investigating the effective factors in the emergence and spread of financial-administrative violations and procedures to control them in the State Banks of Shah rood City. The statistical population in this study was 39 branches of State Banks in Shahrood, including Keshavarzi, Sepah, Melli and Mellat banks with 311 personnel. With regard to Morgan Table, 175 questionnaires were prepared and distributed among the mentioned banks' personnel. To collect the data, the reliable questionnaire of Khadadad Hosseini and Farhadi Nejad (2002) was employed.It should be noted that this questionnaire is of standard type, which is designed in an article under the title of the study of official corruption and the ways to control it by Seyed Hamid Khodadad Hosseini and Mohsen Farhadi Nejad (2002). The reliability and validity of this questionnaire is measured among the head departments of former Khorasan province and it is verified by other authors as well (Hosseini, 2010). To analyze the data, Kolmogorov Smirnov test, monodomain T-test, Friedman test, factor analysis and SPSS software and Excel software were used in addition to de scriptive statistics indicators. The results of the study showed that there is a significant relationship between de grees of nepotism (4/48), economic status of the staff (3/76), personal and cultural characteristics of the society (3/67), the quality and quantity of rules and regulations (3/65), religious doctrines and administrative levers (3/50), institutional features (3/39) and the emergence and spread of financial- administrative corruption. In addition, among the inter-organizational control procedures, staff training (4/05), and intensifying the sanctions (3/39) had the highest effect on the emergence and spread of financial- administrative corruption among the bank tellers and privatization (reducing the government authority), with (3/55) rank, had the lowest effect. Among the extra-organizational control procedures, efficient financial control systems with the mean rank of 4/12 had the highest effect on the emergence and spread of financial- administrative corruption among the bank tellers, and freedom of mass media in disclosing the financial- administrative violations with the mean rank of 3/64 had the lowest effect. the bank tall4/12 had the litrolproces with (3/55 (