Administrative Health Research (AHR)

Abstract نوشته های علمی، هم از آن جهت که می کوشند تا به توصیف و تبیین مسائل بپردازند و هم از آن روی که خوانندگان را با آنچه در سپهر دانشی یک حوزه در جریان است، آشنا می سازند، نوشته هایی ارزشمند محسوب می شوند. فصلنامه دانش ارزیابی در طی فعالیت های چند ساله خود کوشیده تا این دو جهت را همواره مورد توجه قرار دهد و ضمن فراهم آوردن مجالی برای عرضه اندیشه های داخلی و خارجی در عرصه فساد و مبارزه با آن به تقویت ادبیات این حوزه کمک کند. اینجانب ضمن ارج نهادن بر تلاش های به عمل آمده در حفظ و تداوم این دست فعالیت ها، مخاطبان و خوانندگان ارجمند را به مشارکتی فعال تر در بازنمایی دستاوردهای علمی عرصه پویای مقابله با فساد در راستای اهداف و برنامه های سند تحول دعوت می نمایم و شکی ندارم که این تلاش ها در بستر زمان به یافتن راه‌های جدید و شیوه های نو و اثربخش در برخورد با فساد منجر خواهد شد.

Abstract Administrative laws are among those laws which civil servants and employees may violate deliberately or by negligence. In this sense, One of the specific crimes of civil servants is to get commission on foreign transactions which also exist in domestic ones. Some jurists regard Article 603 of the Islamic Penal Code as a code for domestic transaction. Law on the Prohibition of getting commission on foreign transactions approved in 1373, criminalized accepting any percentage of money, property or any the document of payment under any title directly or indirectly in relation with foreign transactions of The branches of government, organizations, corporations and government agencies, the armed forces, revolutionary institutions, municipalities and all affiliated organizations. However, giving and receiving commission does not invalidate the transaction and Offenders must be civil servants in this crime. accepting the commission is not a crime by itself and the government should be harmed by. aaa

Abstract The purpose of this article is to explain the role of ombudsman as an extrajudicial institution in improving and promoting social capital through a descriptive analytical method using library resources and studies and researches. In the legal systems of many countries, ombudsman is one of the most important extra-judicial mechanisms to handle the complaints of citizens and individuals against government departments and public institutions. The Objections of judicial proceedings such as the lengthy process, cost, complexity, and inflexibility of this approach have led to a tendency to be nonjudicial and thus to the development of the ombudsman. In addition, other capabilities of the ombudsman, such as conducting planned supervision and inspections and providing recommendations and solutions with the goals of preventing corruption, enforcing citizen rights, improving processes and enhancing the efficiency of executive bodies increase public satisfaction and trust in office systems and greater public participation. This institution can be effective in creating a better relationship between people and the administrative bodies. Also, it can contribute to the improvement and enhancement of social capital that has direct relation with quality of communication, participation and people ,s trust in each other and sovereignty.

Abstract Corruption is one of the main concerns of governments. Case studies show the importance of using information and communication technology to improve government performance and reduce corruption. Equipping governments with information technology tools has led to the emergence of e-government. In many cases, e-government can reduce corrupt behavior by careful monitoring. This study examines the performance of information and communication technology fighting administrative corruption. The results of the studies show a positive performance and the need to create a culture and use information and communication technology to reduce corruption in offices.
Keywords: information and communications technology (ICT), e-government, corruption in offices.
Corruption is one of the main concerns of governments. Case studies show the importance of using information and communication technology to improve government performance and reduce corruption. Equipping governments with information technology tools has led to the emergence of e-government. In many cases, e-government can reduce corrupt behavior by careful monitoring. This study examines the performance of information and communication technology fighting administrative corruption. The results of the studies show a positive performance and the need to create a culture and use information and communication technology to reduce corruption in offices.
Keywords: information and communications technology (ICT), e-government, corruption in offices.

Abstract The purpose of this study is to identify and prioritize corruption platform processes in the municipality of Tehran in order to reduce administrative corruption through presenting strategies and using them in mid-term programs of the organization. This study is an applied research due to the nature of the subject and its intended purposes. The method of data analysis is qualitative and thematic. For gathering the data, in-depth interviews were conducted with 28 experts, connoisseurs and senior managers from different departments of the organization, city council members and contractors or other people on contract with the municipality. In addition, focus group meetings and follow-up interviews were used to prioritize the processes. Processes related to decision making in the architectural council of regions and article 5 Commission, e-office services, Set-off (hologram, mobile density, and brokerage company), selection and appointment of managers, decision-making process in Tehran Municipal Agreement Commission, determination the density and number of building floors, issuance of votes for violation Article 100 and its enforcement, approving the implementation of the criteria on the issuance of work completion, were identified as high-priority corruption-related processes out of 22 finalized processes in Tehran Municipality, and appropriate strategies such as promoting transparency, procedural efficiency streamlining systems related processes and procedures dealing with offenders, and reforming corruptive platform in organizational and income structure were proposed for each process. It should be noted that all the strategies presented are in full compliance with the superior documents, which demonstrates the completeness of the proposed strategies for process reform.

Abstract In the last decades, a growing awareness emerged in the relevance of corruption as a hidden factor that may negatively affect political and economic decision-making processes. In spite of a lively scientific debate, there is no general consensus on a commonly accepted definition of what corruption is. This paper distinguishes three main paradigms, focusing on different (though not irreconcilable) variables. The first is the economic paradigm, which usually takes the principal-agent model of corruption as its founding pillar. In this paradigm, corruption is considered the outcome of rational individual choices, and its spread within a certain organization is influenced by the factors defining the structure of expected costs and rewards. A second approach - the cultural paradigm - looks at the differences in cultural traditions, social norms and interiorized values that shape individuals' moral preferences and consideration of his social and institutional role. These are leading forces that can push a corrupt public or private agent (not) to violate legal norms. A third neo-institutional approach considers also mechanisms that allow the internal regulation of social interactions within corrupt networks, and their effects on individuals' beliefs and preferences. Though the corrupt agreements cannot be enforced with legal sanctions, several informal, non-written rules, contractual provisos, and conventions may regulate the corrupt exchange between agent and corruptor.

Abstract The coronavirus has become a global pandemic with many economic consequences and has affected all countries of the world, and it is expected that the global economy will face a significant recession in 2020. Meanwhile, Iran, like many countries involved, suffers from the economic consequences. The spread of coronavirus in Iran will also have a great impact on the domestic economy; According to economic experts in Iran, the story is a bit more complicated; on the supply side, the economy is facing downward pressure. However, without the corona, the Iranian economy was projected to record positive non-oil growth in 2019. The outbreak of the new coronavirus since the end of 2018 and its continuation in 2019, has put the Iranian economy in a state of recession with uncertainty (uncertainty). The decline in demand for Iranian exports (and the decline in global trade in general) affects aggregate demand from foreign trade. In the domestic sector, aggregate demand is affected both by the decline in household income and by the decline in some goods and services that lead to the spread of the virus (such as transportation, restaurants and hotels, clothing, etc.). On the other hand, the supply of the whole economy has been faced with a supply shock due to the disruption in the raw material supply network and the limited activity of some trade unions. Assessing the economic effects of the coronavirus outbreak on household livelihoods shows that although all income groups will be affected by the new situation, the lower deciles will be more vulnerable.